Reducing+species+extinction+and+endangerment.


 * Issue **: Reducing species extinction and endangerment

 **Background Information:**  There are more than 5000 species that are endangered of extinction in the Earth, and the numbers of endangered species are increasing exponentially (Endangered Species Population Number). Extinction and endangerment of the species is a huge issue, which involves the habitats, and environments where species interact and live with another. Even though various measures are being taken by world organizations and many other nations, a significant problem of species extinction would not be solved until human beings protect endangered species as well as the nature of the environment.

 Destruction of the habitats, in which species dwell, contributes an extinction of the species. The Earth has been continuously changed from the past in slow pace, such as climate, pollution level, technology and human population etc. However, the speed of these changes in the Earth sky rocketed recently. “Increased emission of greenhouse gases, contamination of the oceans, loss of tree and forest” are inevitable and deleterious to both human and species. (Endangered Species ). These man-made consequences ultimately collapse the natural habitats of species in fast pace. Hence, it does not let the “species to adjust to the environment and it is the leading cause of extinction of the species” (Endangered Species). If the current speed of changes in the Earth continues, a huge quantity of plants and animals species will face the extinction. In the similar vein as habitat destruction, the introduction of foreign animals, so called invasive species, from other place will contribute to the extinction of animal. An invasive species are “non-native to ecosystem under consideration whose introduction causes economic and environmental harm” (Invasive Species). These species from other places was “introduced intentionally for beneficial purpose” or even accidently (Invasive Species). They break the balance of natural ecological system where native species dwell. For instance, “an invasive species prey upon native species, spread pathogen and parasites or alter the genetic makeup of closely related species” (Invasive Species). A well-recognized example is the brown snake, which were probably hidden in military transport chain in 1940s and it expedited nine of eleven native land bird in Guam to be extinct (Invasive Species).

 Another cause of extinction is overexploitation of species. Unrestricted and illegal animal hunting or collections of plants severely reduced the population of certain species (Overexploitation). People hunt animals for the “additional value of their meat, organs, skins and other body parts” (Overexploitation). For instance, illegal hunting of elephant for its ivory decreased the population of elephant. Over hunting of leopard and bear for its skin and gall bladder significantly led those species to become endangered animal. Annually, estimated 160 billion U.S.D values of animals are traded for commercial purpose. (Overexploitation) Excessive demand of species, illegal and unrestricted exploitation must be stopped to protect the species.

 Plants and animals carry lots of tangible and intangible values such as agricultural, ecological, commercial, medicinal, aesthetical and economical. Plants and animal species are responsible for a versatile use in medicine. Indeed, about “40% of all prescriptions written in hospital are composed from the natural compound of different species” (Endangered Species). Also, there are “approximately 80,000 edible plants in the Earth and humans depend upon plants such as wheat, corn and rice, which provide 90% of world’s food” (Endangered Species). These plants species help human to remain nutritious and disease resistant (Endangered Species). In addition, plants and animals are the basic infrastructure of ecosystem. Since these species work as an indicator of ecosystem, in the absence of those species human would not able to survive and thus collapse the vital balance of ecosystem. Researchers and natural scientist have been indicated that “losing one plant species will result extinction of 30 other insects” (Endangered Species). Furthermore, various wild species are “commercially raised and directly contribute to local and regional economies”, such as fishing farm and animal farm (Endangered Species). It takes large part of human industry these days. However, if the population of the species reduces due to habitat degradation, climate change and other factors, the economies will suffer a blow.


 * __ Stakeholders and Key Organizations __**

 There are various endangered species organizations that are established in order to prevent the extinction of species: U.S fish & Wildlife Service, National wildlife Federation, World Conservation Monitoring Centre and Wildlife Conservation Society (Endangered Animal Laws). Subsequently, there are numerous protection laws that are implanted and established for endangered species such as bald eagles protection act, marine mammal protection act, wild bird conservation and Antarctic conservation act etc. (Endangered Animal Laws). Those are the official protection laws that are established and it is just one of the solutions that were taken by many world organizations in order to prevent species extinction.

 **__Possible Solution__**  There numerous ways to endorse and facilitate protection of world species, such as conserving the habitats of the species, lessening the contamination of the planet, controlling introduced plants and animal, fortifying the law for species protection and that of chastisement. Subsequently, it is essential to find an effective way to raise the awareness of the seriousness of this issue on plants and animal extinction, since the human being is the main stakeholders of the issue.

1) __Encourages__ a nations and organizations to raise the awareness and seriousness of species extinction and endangered animal; a) Provide an education to the young age group from their house and school, b) Create a universal advertisement about species extinction and spread it by using social medias such as twitter and Facebook, 2) __Further recommends__ a nations and world organization to consolidate the legislation and punishment of exploiting the species, 3) __Demands__ <span class="apple-converted-space" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">a nations and world organizations to collaborate and communicate in order to further increase the efficiency of species saving activities.  <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">W**ork Cited**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Featured Species." //Endangered Species Program: Home Page//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> < [] >. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Species." //WWF//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] > <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Endangered Species - EndangeredSpecie.com." //Endangered Species//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] >. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Invasive Species: National Management Plan: Introduction." //National Invasive Species Information// //Center//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] >. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Endangered Species." //- CopperWiki//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] > <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Endangered Animal Laws." //, Laws for Endangered Animal//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] > <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Overexploitation." //The Environmental Literacy Council -//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] >. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"Why Conserve Biodiversity?" //Colorado Natural Heritage Program//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] >. <span style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">"ENDANGERED SPECIES POPULATION NUMBERS." //Endangered Species Population Numbers and// //Statistics//. Web. 17 Mar. 2012. < [] species/endangered-species-population- numbers/3596>.